Permeability of some fat products to moisture

Abstract

Summary Films of cocoa butter, highly hydrogenated cottonseed oil, mixtures of highly hydrogenated cottonseed oil and cottonseed oil, chocolate liquor, and sweet milk chocolate were prepared; and their permeability to water vapor was determined by the cup method. The permeability constant was calculated in terms of grams of water diffusing through a centimeter cube in one second under a vapor pressure gradient of one millimeter of mercury across the cube. Under the test conditions employed, the permeability constant for cocoa butter at room temperature was found to vary from 5.8×10 −12 to 81.6×10 −12 . The permeability constants for the highly hydrogenated cottonseed oil and the cocoa butter, under comparable conditions at room temperature, was found to be approximately 1.3×10 −12 and 33×10 −12 , respectively. From data obtained with cocoa butter it was concluded that the permeability constant increased with moderate increases in film thickness. Polymorphism was found to have a large effect on permeability, an approximately 15‐fold difference was found between quickly chilled and tempered films of cocoa butter at 3°C. (37.4°F.). The percentage of liquid component in the fat was found to have a large effect on permeability. The increasing of the percentage of liquid cottonseed oil in highly hydrogenated cottonseed oil from 0 to 40% increased the permeability constant from 1.3×10 −12 to about 420×10 −12 . The permeability of chocolate liquor and sweet milk chocolate at room temperature was increased greatly when the relative humidity on the wet side of the films was increased to 100%. The nonfat components absorbed enough moisture to impair the structure of the film.