Sites of nutrient digestion in growing pigs: Effect of dietary fiber1

Abstract

The impact of dietary fiber on fecal digestion is well-known and provides a comprehensive approach toward nutrient digestibility and availability. Little quantitative information is available on digestion of fiber in the different segments of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The objectives of this study were to obtain a method allowing the quantification of the digestive process in different segments of the GIT and to study the impact of dietary fiber on nutrient digestibility. Six barrows (average initial BW of 30 kg and fitted with a simple T-cannula at the proximal duodenum and caudal ileum) were used in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square design. In each period, pigs were offered 1 of 3 diets differing in fiber content (low, medium, and high). Differences in fiber content were created by replacing wheat and barley with wheat bran. Titanium dioxide was included in the diet as an indigestible marker to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients in different segments of the GIT. The apparent digestibility of ash, CP, DM, and OM increased in the different segments of the GIT. Duodenal digestibility coefficients were negative for ash (e.g., -39.9% for the medium- and high-fiber diets), indicating important endogenous mineral secretions by the stomach and digestive glands. The duodenal digestibility of other nutrients and OM were positive but close to zero and numerically lower in the diets with the greater fiber contents. The fiber content in the diet did not affect the apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients. Increasing the fiber content in the diet affected the fecal digestibility of CP, ether extract, and energy (P < 0.01). The method used for studying sites of digestion in the digestive tract provides promising results, but it is limited due to the high variability that is likely caused by sampling limitations and variation between animals.