Adaptive Dynamic Walking of a Quadruped Robot on Irregular Terrain Based on Biological Concepts

TLDR

The study aims to design a neuro‑mechanical system that enables stable dynamic walking on irregular terrain and to verify its effectiveness through experiments. The system combines a PD‑controlled virtual spring‑damper leg model with a central pattern generator and reflexes, using rolling‑motion feedback to entrain joint dynamics and balance stability with energy consumption. Experiments demonstrate that the robot can walk at medium speed on irregular terrain, confirming the design’s effectiveness, and provide an example of trading stability for lower energy use. MPEG footage of the experiments is available at http://www.kimura.is.uec.ac.jp.

Abstract

We have been trying to induce a quadruped robot to walk with medium walking speed on irregular terrain based on biological concepts. We propose the necessary conditions for stable dynamic walking on irregular terrain in general, and we design the mechanical system and the neural system by comparing biological concepts with those necessary conditions described in physical terms. A PD controller at the joints can construct the virtual spring-damper system as the visco-elasticity model of a muscle. The neural system model consists of a central pattern generator (CPG) and reflexes. A CPG receives sensory input and changes the period of its own active phase. The desired angle and P-gain of each joint in the virtual spring-damper system is switched based on the phase signal of the CPG. CPGs, the motion of the virtual spring-damper system of each leg and the rolling motion of the body are mutually entrained through the rolling motion feedback to CPGs, and can generate adaptive walking. We report on our experimental results of dynamic walking on terrains of medium degrees of irregularity in order to verify the effectiveness of the designed neuro-mechanical system. We point out the trade-off problem between the stability and the energy consumption in determining the cyclic period of walking on irregular terrain, and we show one example to solve this problem. MPEG footage of these experiments can be seen at http://www.kimura.is.uec.ac.jp.