Three Dimensional Receding Horizon Control for UAVs

Abstract

This paper presents a receding horizon controller (RHC) that can be used to design trajectories for an aerial vehicle flying through a three dimensional terrain with obstacles and no-fly zones. To avoid exposure to threats, the paths are chosen to stay as close to the terrain as possible, but the vehicle can choose to pop-up over the obstacles if necessary. The approach is similar to our previous two-dimensional algorithms that construct a coarse cost map to provide approximate paths from a sparse set of nodes to the goal and then use Mixed-integer Linear Programming (MILP) optimization to design a detailed trajectory. The main contribution of this paper is to extend this approach to 3D, in particular providing a new algorithm for connecting the cost map and the detailed path in the MILP. This connection is done by introducing a new cost-to-go function that includes an altitude penalty and accounts for the vehicle dynamics. Initial guess for MILP RHC is constructed from the previous solution and is shown to reduce the solution time. Several simulation results are presented to show that the path planning algorithm yields good overall performance and is computationally tractable in a complex environment.