North American Journal of Aquaculture · 2011 · 144 citations · 45 references
AgricultureAnimal SciencesNutritional SciencesAnimal NutritionAquacultureFish PhysiologyAquaculture NutritionFeed CompositionFish GrowthFish NutritionGrowth DynamicsProtein NutritionFatty AcidsFeed Intake EffectsFeed Intake MeasurementFish Meal InclusionGross Energy ContentNutritional Effects On GrowthReplacementStarvation Resistance
Abstract A feeding trial was conducted with juvenile Atlantic cod Gadus morhua (initial mean weight, 40.7 g) in which a combination of dried Nannochloropsis sp. and Isochrysis sp. replaced fish meal protein in isonitrogenous, isocaloric diets. Three experimental diets (55% protein, 16.5% fat; calculated gross energy = 5,328 kcal/kg) were formulated to replace 0, 15, or 30% of dietary fish meal protein. At the conclusion of the 84-d study, no differences in survival, feed conversion ratios, viscerosomatic indices, and n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in the muscle were found among the treatment groups. Feed intake and growth, which were proportional to the level of algal incorporation, were significantly reduced in the algae-fed fish and were probably due to palatability problems. Feed intake improved in the fish fed the diet with 15% fish meal protein replacement as the study progressed, but hepatosomatic indices indicate that those fed the diet with 30% replacement were approaching starvation. Received July 13, 2010; accepted September 8, 2010
45
Official Methods of Analysis of
Analytical Chemistry · 1980 · 59.6K citations
Management, Educational Assessment, Information Retrieval +5
Manning Feinleib, Jerrold H. Zar · Journal of the American Statistical Association · 1975 · 12.8K citations