Cmos technology is an academic concept and research field dedicated to the study, design, and implementation of integrated circuits based on the complementary arrangement of p-type and n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). This domain investigates fundamental principles of transistor operation, scaling limits, power management techniques, and novel device architectures, driving the advancement of high-density, energy-efficient electronic systems essential for contemporary digital processing and sensing applications.