Who’s afraid of AI? Socio-technological perspectives on artificial intelligence in the workforce: an Israeli case study

Abstract

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the perception and acceptance of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies among the Israeli workforce. More specifically, it examined how age, income, and education level are related to employees’ fears of being replaced by AI technologies and their willingness to adopt these technologies in their personal and professional lives. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected by surveying 502 adults from the Jewish population of Israel in February 2023 via an Internet panel. Stratified sampling was performed to ensure a representative cross-section of the population. Findings Contrary to the expectations from a technologically advanced society, the findings indicated varied levels of enthusiasm and apprehension. Age was found to be negatively correlated with the fear of being replaced by AI technologies and the willingness to adopt these technologies. Income was negatively correlated with the fear of being replaced by AI technologies. Education level was negatively correlated with the fear of being replaced and positively correlated with the willingness to adopt. Practical implications The findings provide valuable guidance for policymakers, educators, and business leaders in shaping AI integration strategies. They emphasize the need for targeted educational and policy initiatives to bridge the gap in AI readiness. Originality/value This study offers unique insights into the perceptions toward AI in a leading technological hub, contributing to the understanding of how advanced societies are adapting to rapid AI integration.