Untargeted Lipidomics and Chemometric Tools for the Characterization and Discrimination of Irradiated Camembert Cheese Analyzed by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS

Abstract

In this work, an investigation using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS and multivariate statistics was conducted to obtain the lipid fingerprint of Camembert cheese and to explore its correlated variation with respect to X-ray irradiation treatment. A total of 479 lipids, categorized into 16 different lipid subclasses, were measured. Furthermore, the identification of oxidized lipids was carried out to better understand the possible phenomena of lipid oxidation related to this technological process. The results confirm that the lipidomic approach adopted is effective in implementing the knowledge of the effects of X-ray irradiation on food and evaluating its safety aspects. Furthermore, Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) were applied showing high discriminating ability with excellent values of accuracy, specificity and sensitivity. Through the PLS-DA and LDA models, it was possible to select 40 and 24 lipids, respectively, including 3 ceramides (Cer), 1 hexosyl ceramide (HexCer), 1 lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), 1 lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), 3 phosphatidic acids (PA), 4 phosphatidylcholines (PC), 10 phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), 5 phosphatidylinositols (PI), 2 phosphatidylserines (PS), 3 diacylglycerols (DG) and 9 oxidized triacylglycerols (OxTG) as potential markers of treatment useful in food safety control plans.