Non-cooperative LEO Satellite Orbit Determination Based on Single Pass Doppler Measurements

Abstract

Precise orbit information is the premise of the wide application of low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites. Traditional orbit determination (OD) methods have disadvantages of poor reliability, high hardware cost, and long orbit determination time. To account for these issues, we propose an OD framework, using several distributed facilities to acquire Doppler shift values of signals of opportunity (SOPs) during the same pass.Firstly, we propose a search-least squares (LS) algorithm for initial orbit determination (IOD), providing a reliable accurate initial value for precise orbit determination (POD). Moreover, a non-recursive cubature batch filter (NR-CBF) is proposed for POD to reduce linearization errors, avoid tuning parameters, and save the calculation time. Besides, we modify the measurement model by considering signal propagation delays and provide the corresponding theoretical basis. Finally, the real experiment result verifies the feasibility of the proposed method, whose velocity accuracy is at m/s grade.