Technology Innovation Management Review · 2015 · 290 citations · 23 references
Life SciencesBiologyEcologyEcosystem EcologyEcosystem ManagementWatershed EcologyEcosystem FunctionEcosystem InnovationEcosystem StructureEcosystem-based ManagementEcosystemsInnovation EcosystemsBusiness EcosystemsEcosystem DynamicsEcosystem LifecycleEcosystem ProcessEcosystem ServicesEcosystem UnderstandingSystems Ecology
IntroductionThe scope of ecosystem science extends from bounded systems such as watersheds to spatially complex landscapes, even to the Earth itself. Furthermore, research into biological ecosystems crosses temporal scales from seconds to millennia and links together several disciplines of biology. The ecosystem concept dates back to 1930 and, at various times, ecology
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