Synthesis and in-situ characterization of photochromic yttrium oxyhydride grown by reactive e−-beam evaporation

Abstract

We report on controlled growth of photochromic yttrium oxyhydride thin films monitored by in-situ composition depth profiling. Films were grown by reactive e−-beam evaporation and subsequently oxidized, while simultaneously tracking the oxygen and hydrogen concentrations. Sample composition and photochromic response were characterized in-situ using non-destructive ion beam analysis and image analysis, respectively – as well as complementary ex-situ ion beam methods, X-ray diffraction and optical spectrophotometry. We show that photochromic yttrium oxyhydride can be grown as yttrium dihydride, which is then oxidized to O/H ratios triggering the photochromic response.