Window-of-opportunity clinical trial of pembrolizumab in patients with recurrent glioblastoma reveals predominance of immune-suppressive macrophages

Abstract

Immune analyses indicated that pembrolizumab anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) monotherapy alone can't induce effector immunologic response in most GBM patients, probably owing to a scarcity of T cells within the tumor microenvironment and a CD68+ macrophage preponderance.