Generic vs. Modality-Specific Competencies for K-12 Online and Blended Teaching

Abstract

While there has been research to explore competencies in blended and online learning in K-12 contexts, it is less clear as to what competencies are specific to using an online or digital medium, which competencies refer to blending an in-person learning experience with online experiences, and which competencies are generic, or could be used in any teaching modality. This article explores K-12 online and blended teaching literature and the specifics of what modality (online, in-person, blended, or generic) the competency is carried out. The authors found that much of the literature is still generic, or not specific enough to denote that a teaching competency is carried out in a digital context or otherwise. Further recommendations are made for pre-service teacher education and for further research in K-12 online and blended teaching.