IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · 2017 · 124 citations · 31 references
EngineeringComputer EngineeringElectrical EngineeringAnalog ElectronicsLow-power DesignMicroelectronicsCmos Circuit DesignLow-noise Circuit DesignLow-power Digital Circuit DesignNoise In Analog CircuitsPower AmplifiersRadio-frequency Integrated CircuitsBluetooth Low EnergyCmos Analog Circuit DesignCmos Radio-frequency CircuitsLow-power Cmos DesignPower Amplifier DesignPower ConsumptionRf Cmos DesignUltra-low-power Cmos
We present an ultra-low-power Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) transceiver (TRX) for the Internet of Things (IoT) optimized for digital 28-nm CMOS. A transmitter (TX) employs an all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) with a switched current-source digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) featuring low frequency pushing, and class-E/F2 digital power amplifier (PA), featuring high efficiency. Low 1/f DCO noise allows the ADPLL to shut down after acquiring lock. The receiver operates in discrete time at high sampling rate (~10 Gsamples/s) with intermediate frequency placed beyond 1/f noise corner of MOS devices. New multistage multirate charge-sharing bandpass filters are adapted to achieve high out-of-band linearity, low noise, and low power consumption. An integrated on-chip matching network serves to both PA and low-noise transconductance amplifier, thus allowing a 1-pin direct antenna connection with no external band-selection filters. The TRX consumes 2.75 mW on the RX side and 3.7 mW on the TX side when delivering 0 dBm in BLE.
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The class-E/F family of ZVS switching amplifiers
S. Kee, Ichiro Aoki, Ali Hajimiri et al. · IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques · 2003 · 292 citations