Functionality of bread made with pasteurized whey and/or buttermilk

Abstract

The dairy by-products whey and buttermilk were pasteurized (74°C 20 s) and used to replace water in white wheat bread-making at the following combinations: A: 100% water (control dough); B: 50% whey + 50% water; C: 100% whey; D: 50% buttermilk + 50% water; E: 100% buttermilk. The effects of whey and buttermilk on dough properties, bread characteristics and mineral content of white wheat bread were investigated. The water absorption, stability time, development time and softening degree of the bread doughs in a Brabender farinograph improved (P 0.05) were recorded in bread volume and crumb firmness values between fresh control bread and breads containing whey and buttermilk. However, use of whey and buttermilk had a retarding effect on crumb firmness scores after a 72 h storage period. Replacement of water with whey and buttermilk in the bread recipe significantly (P<0.05) increased macro (Na, K, Ca, Mg and P) and micro mineral (Zn, Mn, Cu and Fe) contents except for Na and Mn in sample B.