Academy of Management Review · 1999 · 3.6K citations · 58 references
ManagementOrganization StudiesOrganizational BehaviorInstitutional TheoryOrganizational LearningOrganizational TheoryCollective LearningLearning From ExperienceLearning OrganizationLearning ProcessesOrganizational ManagementOrganizational Learning Processes
Although interest in organizational learning has grown dramatically in recent years, a general theory of organizational learning has remained elusive. We identify renewal of the overall enterprise as the underlying phenomenon of interest and organizational learning as a principal means to this end. With this perspective we develop a framework for the process of organizational learning, presenting organizational learning as four processes—intuiting, interpreting, integrating, and institutionalizing—linking the individual, group, and organizational levels.
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Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning
James G. March · Organization Science · 1991 · 21.4K citations
J. Scott Armstrong, David M. Georgoff · International Journal of Forecasting · 1988 · 18.2K citations