Alpha-linolenic acid in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease

Abstract

Alpha-linolenic acid is one of the two essential fatty acids in humans. Epidemiological studies and dietary trials strongly suggest that this fatty acid is important in relation with the pathogenesis (and prevention) of coronary heart disease. Like other n-3 fatty acids from marine origin, it may prevent cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The optimal dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid seems to be about 2 g per day or 06-1% of total energy intake. Obtaining an optimal ratio of the two essential fatty acids, linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids -i.e. a ratio of about 4 to 1 in the diet -is a major issue. The main sources of alpha-linolenic acid for the European population should be canola oil (and canola-oil-based margarine if available), nuts (English walnut), ground linseeds and green leafy vegetables such as purslane.