Development of Rancidity in Wheat Germ Analyzed by Headspace Gas Chromatography and Sensory Analysis

Abstract

Wheat germ is susceptible to oxidation due to its high content of unsaturated oil. Volatile compounds in stored wheat germ were evaluated using dynamic headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) and sensory analysis. Preliminary comparisons were also made between freshly prepared wheat germ and wheat germ subjected to microwave heating at 45 and 55 degrees C prior to storage at room temperature. The progress of oxidation was followed in untreated wheat germ for 4 weeks and in heat-treated wheat germ for 7 weeks by HS-GC and sensory evaluation. Significant (p < 0.05) changes in rancid odor and flavor were observed in the untreated wheat germ after 3 weeks, whereas no corresponding difference was observed in the microwave-heated wheat germ after 7 weeks of storage. Identification of a total of 36 volatile compounds was performed according to their mass spectra and Kovats indices. The major volatiles were hexanal, alpha-pinene, 1-hexanol, and 3-carene. In addition to analysis of a short period of storage, 30 volatile compounds were identified from the headspace of wheat germ stored for >1 year.