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Lactic acid bacteria enhance autophagic ability of mononuclear phagocytes by increasing Th1 autophagy-promoting cytokine (IFN-γ) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and reducing Th2 autophagy-restraining cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen

Microbial PathogensNitric OxideInnate Immune SystemImmune RegulationImmunologyInnate ImmunityImmune SystemInflammationLactic Acid BacteriaHealth SciencesMacrophage BiologyPulmonary TuberculosisBacterial InfectionsMycobacterium Tuberculosis AntigenTuberculosisHumoral ImmunityImmune FunctionHost-microbe InteractionClinical MicrobiologyPhagocyteImmune Cell DevelopmentMicrobiologyMedicine