Applied Physics Letters · 2005 · 56 citations · 11 references
EngineeringElectrical EngineeringPhysicsMicroelectronicsSemiconductor DevicesSemiconductor MaterialsCarrier TransportDevice ModelingField-effect TransistorsMetal-oxide-semiconductor Field-effect TransistorsSemiconductor PhysicsSemiconductor ReliabilityBias Temperature InstabilityCarrier DynamicsDispersive TransportNegative Bias Temperature InstabilityNon-equilibrium Thermal TransportTemperature DependenceTemperature-dependent TransportThreshold Voltage
Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) is studied in multiple-gate field-effect transistors with an ultrathin gate oxide. It is observed that the threshold voltage shift in these devices follows a power-law function of time, with the exponent depending linearly on temperature. An analytic model is proposed that explains this temperature dependence by dispersive diffusion of hydrogen in the bulk of the gate oxide. Based on both the experimental data and the model, it is concluded that NBTI is an inherently non-Arrhenius process.
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Drift and diffusion in materials with traps
Alexander Rudenko · Philosophical Magazine B · 1982 · 196 citations