Artificial Life · 2011 · 99 citations · 15 references
Wing DesignEngineeringAerospace EngineeringMechanicsMechanical EngineeringDesignAeroelasticityAerodynamicsBio-inspired RoboticsFlapping-wing HoveringFlight ControlBio-inspired AircraftAircraft Design ProcessAerostructure3D PrintingMechanical Parts3D-printed Mechanical InsectInsect Flight
3D printing expands wing design possibilities, enabling rapid creation of insect‑like or arbitrary wing shapes and shortening design cycles to minutes. The project aims to develop a flapping‑wing hovering insect using 3D‑printed wings and mechanical parts. The authors built the insect by 3D‑printing wings and assembling mechanical components. The 3.89‑g ornithopter achieved an 85‑second passively stable untethered hover, demonstrating the viability of 3D‑printed materials for flapping‑wing experiments and insight into insect flight mechanics.
This project focuses on developing a flapping-wing hovering insect using 3D-printed wings and mechanical parts. The use of 3D printing technology has greatly expanded the possibilities for wing design, allowing wing shapes to replicate those of real insects or virtually any other shape. It has also reduced the time of a wing design cycle to a matter of minutes. An ornithopter with a mass of 3.89 g has been constructed using the 3D printing technique and has demonstrated an 85-s passively stable untethered hovering flight. This flight exhibits the functional utility of printed materials for flapping-wing experimentation and ornithopter construction and for understanding the mechanical principles underlying insect flight and control.
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