Efficient Synthesis of Empagliflozin, an Inhibitor of SGLT-2, Utilizing an AlCl₃-Promoted Silane Reduction of a β-Glycopyranoside

Abstract

An efficient production synthesis of the SGLT-2 inhibitor Empagliflozin (5) from acid 1 is described. The key tactical stage involves I/Mg exchange of aryl iodide 2 followed by addition to glucono lactone 3 in THF. Subsequent in situ treatment of the resulting lactol with HCl in MeOH produces β-anomeric methyl glycopyranoside 4 which is, without isolation, directly reduced with Et3SiH mediated by AlCl3 as a Lewis acid in CH2Cl2/MeCN to afford 5 in 50% overall yield. The process was implemented for production on a metric ton scale for commercial launch.