Contents of Vitamins, Mineral Elements, and Some Phenolic Compounds in Cultivated Mushrooms

TLDR

The study aimed to quantify mineral elements, vitamins, and phenolic compounds in four cultivated mushroom species. Minerals were measured by ETAAS, ICP‑MS, and ICP; vitamins by microbiological assays or HPLC; phenolics by HPLC or GC‑MS. The mushrooms were rich in vitamin B2, niacin, folates, and minerals such as K, P, Zn, and Cu, while A. bisporus/brown contained high selenium, L.

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine the contents of mineral elements (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, Cu, Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, and Se), vitamins (B1, B2, B12, C, D, folates, and niacin), and certain phenolic compounds (flavonoids, lignans, and phenolic acids) in the cultivated mushrooms Agaricus bisporus/white, Agaricus bisporus/brown, Lentinus edodes, and Pleurotus ostreatus. Selenium, toxic heavy metals (Cd, Pb), and other mineral elements were analyzed by ETAAS, ICP−MS, and ICP methods, respectively; vitamins were detected by microbiological methods (folates, niacin, and vitamin B12) or HPLC methods (other vitamins), and phenolic compounds were analyzed by HPLC (flavonoids) or GC−MS methods (lignans and phenolic acids). Cultivated mushrooms were found to be good sources of vitamin B2, niacin, and folates, with contents varying in the ranges 1.8−5.1, 31−65, and 0.30−0.64 mg/100 g dry weight (dw), respectively. Compared with vegetables, mushrooms proved to be a good source of many mineral elements, e.g., the contents of K, P, Zn, and Cu varied in the ranges 26.7−47.3 g/kg, 8.7−13.9 g/kg, 47−92 mg/kg, and 5.2−35 mg/kg dw, respectively. A. bisporus/brown contained large amounts of Se (3.2 mg/kg dw) and the levels of Cd were quite high in L. edodes (1.2 mg/kg dw). No flavonoids or lignans were found in the mushrooms analyzed. In addition, the phenolic acid contents were very low. Keywords: Mushrooms; nutritional value; mineral elements; vitamins; flavonoids; lignans; phenolic acids