Model for nucleation in GaAs homoepitaxy derived from first principles

Abstract

The initial steps of molecular beam epitaxy growth of GaAs on $\ensuremath{\beta}2$-reconstructed GaAs(001) are investigated by performing total energy and electronic structure calculations using density functional theory and a repeated slab model of the surface. We study the interaction and clustering of adsorbed Ga atoms and the adsorption of ${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$ molecules onto Ga atom clusters adsorbed on the surface. The stable nuclei consist of bound pairs of Ga adatoms, which originate either from dimerization or from an indirect interaction mediated through the substrate reconstruction. ${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$ adsorption is found to be strongly exothermic on sites with a square array of four Ga dangling bonds. Comparing two scenarios where the first ${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$ gets incorporated in the incomplete surface layer, or alternatively in a new added layer, we find the first scenario to be preferable. In summary, the calculations suggest that nucleation of a new atomic layer is most likely on top of those surface regions where a partial filling of trenches in the surface has occurred before.