Tea polyphenols inhibit IL‐6 production in tumor necrosis factor superfamily 14‐stimulated human gingival fibroblasts

Abstract

IL-6 is well recognized to be a potent bone resorptive agent and thus in the development of periodontal disease. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG), the major catechins in green tea, and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TFDG), polyphenol in black tea, have multiple beneficial effects, but the effects of catechins and theaflavins on IL-6 production in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) are not known. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which EGCG, ECG, and TFDG inhibit tumor necrosis factor superfamily 14 (TNFSF14)-induced IL-6 production in HGFs. We detected TNFSF14 mRNA expression in human diseased periodontal tissues. TNFSF14 increased IL-6 production in HGFs in a concentration-dependent manner. EGCG, ECG, and TFDG prevented TNFSF14-mediated IL-6 production in HGFs. EGCG, ECG, and TFDG prevented TNFSF14-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and nuclear factor-kappaB activation in HGFs. Inhibitors of ERK, JNK, and nuclear factor-kappaB decreased TNFSF14-induced IL-6 production. In addition, EGCG, ECG, and TFDG attenuated TNFSF14 receptor expression on HGFs. These data provide a novel mechanism through which the green tea and black tea polyphenols could be used to provide direct benefits in periodontal disease.