Applied Physics Letters · 1994 · 168 citations · 12 references
EngineeringElectrical EngineeringMaterials ScienceMicroelectromechanical SystemsMicrofabricationSurface ScienceAtomic Force MicroscopyNanomechanicsScanning Probe MicroscopySurface MetrologySurface MicroscopySurface RoughnessAccuracyAtomic Force Microscopy AnalysisAtomic Force Microscopy Surface AnalysisAtomic-scale Surface ImagingNear-surface CharacterizationSurface FeaturesSurface ProfilingSurface Topography Mapping
We demonstrate a new method for imaging vertical and near vertical surface features by atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is based on an attractive force mode AFM, equipped with a special boot-shaped tip, coupled with a measurement of slope and with a special tracking technique. Surface profiling is achieved through a novel servo and scanning system. Mapping sidewall profile opens the door to measurement of critical dimensions (width and wall angles) of lines and trenches in integrated circuits, with high accuracy.
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G. Binnig, C. F. Quate, Ch. Gerber · Physical Review Letters · 1986 · 14.4K citations · Full text
H. K. Wickramasinghe · Scientific American · 1989 · 181 citations