Table of Contents
Overview
Definition of Regeneration
Regeneration is a multifaceted biological process that enables organisms to replace or restore damaged or absent organs, tissues, cells, or even entire body parts to their full functional state. This remarkable ability is observed across a wide range of organisms, from bacteria to humans, allowing them to enhance their resilience to natural fluctuations or disturbances that may cause damage.[3.1] Central to this process is the role of specialized cells, often referred to as stem cells, which are crucial for the growth and differentiation necessary for restoring lost or damaged body parts.[3.1] Beyond biological renewal, regeneration also encompasses transformative processes in fields such as environmental sustainability and urban development. It is increasingly recognized as a vital concept in today's world, where ethical practices and sustainability are paramount.[1.1] The capacity for regeneration varies significantly among species, with some capable of replacing substantial portions of themselves when injured, while others may regenerate only specific structures.[5.1] Historically, the study of regeneration has evolved with significant contributions from researchers such as Morgan, who published foundational work summarizing previous studies on regeneration across diverse organisms.[4.1] This foundational understanding continues to inform contemporary research and applications in both biological sciences and ecological restoration efforts.Types of Regeneration
Regeneration can be categorized into various types, each with distinct mechanisms and applications. One significant type is biological regeneration, which refers to the ability of ecosystems to renew and recover from damage. This process involves the replenishment of resources that are consumed or disturbed, primarily driven by photosynthesis, which converts solar energy and nutrients into plant biomass.[7.1] In the context of ecosystem restoration, regeneration is often associated with initiatives aimed at rehabilitating degraded environments. For instance, Mexico’s National Forestry Commission (CONAFOR) has successfully restored 1 million hectares of forest land from 2014 to 2018, demonstrating effective leadership in ecological restoration efforts in Latin America. This program not only focuses on environmental recovery but also emphasizes the economic benefits for local communities through tree planting, which enhances resilience to climate change.[8.1] Another important aspect of regeneration is tissue regeneration, particularly in the field of regenerative medicine. This area leverages the potential of stem cells to repair or replace damaged tissues and organs. Human stem cells, which are undifferentiated and possess the ability to self-renew and differentiate into various cell types, play a crucial role in this process. The microenvironment surrounding these stem cells significantly influences their differentiation and fate, with various signaling mechanisms regulating this complex process.[15.1] Furthermore, advancements in regenerative medicine have led to promising applications, such as the recent transplant of stem cell-derived dopamine cells to regenerate neurons in patients, showcasing the potential for innovative therapies that challenge traditional concepts of tissue repair.[37.1]In this section:
History
Early Research and Discoveries
The exploration of regeneration has deep historical roots, beginning with observations made by early naturalists. Aristotle, for instance, documented aspects of regeneration in organisms such as lizards and snakes, noting their ability to regrow tails in his discussions on animal generation.[54.1] This early empirical approach laid the groundwork for subsequent studies in the field. The 18th century marked a significant advancement in the study of regeneration, particularly with organisms like hydra, which became a focal point for understanding regenerative capacities.[54.1] This period transitioned from mere descriptive natural history to a more experimental approach, as researchers began to systematically investigate the mechanisms underlying regeneration. A pivotal moment in this evolution of regeneration research occurred with the work of Santiago Ramón y Cajal in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His pioneering studies on neural de- and regeneration provided critical insights into the central nervous system's regenerative capabilities, culminating in the recognition of stem cells in the 1990s.[51.1] This century-long journey of research not only highlighted the complexities of brain regeneration but also underscored the importance of experimental and histological methods in advancing our understanding of regenerative processes.[51.1] The transition from descriptive observations to experimental zoology was further chronicled in "A History of Regeneration Research," which analyzes key milestones in the field.[40.1] This shift was essential for developing a comprehensive understanding of regeneration, as it integrated knowledge from various biological disciplines, including genetics and embryology, which evolved as offshoots of regeneration studies.[41.1]Key Figures in Regeneration Research
Hans Spemann was a pivotal figure in the field of regeneration research, renowned for his transplantation studies and the formulation of the "organizer" concept. One of his notable experiments involved constricting the blastomeres of a fertilized salamander egg using a fine hair noose, which resulted in the formation of a partially double embryo characterized by two heads and one tail.[73.1] This groundbreaking work laid the foundation for understanding the mechanisms of embryonic development and regeneration. Building upon Spemann's legacy, Hilde Proescholdt Mangold, a graduate student in his laboratory, conducted similar experiments with frog embryos. She successfully grafted a piece of the lip of the blastopore to the flank of another gastrula, which induced the formation of a secondary body axis.[74.1] This experiment further demonstrated the influence of specific cellular interactions and signaling pathways in the regeneration process. In addition to these contributions, studies on the molecular nature of Spemann's organizer have revealed that embryos possess a remarkable ability to self-regenerate after experimental manipulations. For instance, in the Xenopus blastula, half-embryos can regenerate the missing parts, resulting in the production of identical twins. This phenomenon is attributed to the interplay between two signaling centers that operate under reciprocal transcriptional control.[77.1] Such insights have significantly advanced the understanding of regenerative processes and the underlying genetic mechanisms involved.Mechanisms Of Regeneration
Cellular Processes Involved
Regeneration is a complex biological process that involves various cellular mechanisms enabling organisms to restore lost or damaged tissues. Central to this process is the activation and differentiation of specialized cells, often referred to as stem cells, which play a crucial role in the regeneration of specific organs or tissues.[84.1] The ability to regenerate is not uniform across species; it varies significantly depending on evolutionary adaptations and ecological contexts. For instance, while many aquatic species exhibit broad regenerative capabilities due to their evolutionary history, terrestrial species have experienced modifications in their genetic networks that can inhibit regeneration.[87.1] The mechanisms of regeneration can be categorized into several types, including the regular renewal of tissues throughout an organism's life and the more complex restoration of entire body parts following injury.[102.1] Recent studies have highlighted that the majority of animal phyla contain species capable of regeneration, suggesting a shared evolutionary lineage that can be traced through comparative analysis of molecular and cellular mechanisms.[103.1] This comparative approach not only sheds light on the evolutionary pressures that have shaped regenerative capabilities but also informs potential applications in regenerative medicine for humans.[104.1] Furthermore, advancements in regenerative engineering, which integrates material science, stem cell science, and developmental biology, are paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing tissue regeneration.[100.1] By understanding the cellular processes involved in regeneration across different species, researchers aim to harness these mechanisms to improve tissue repair and regeneration in humans, thereby revolutionizing clinical medicine.[104.1]Molecular Mechanisms
Regeneration is a complex biological process that involves various molecular mechanisms enabling organisms to restore or replace lost or damaged tissues, organs, or body parts. According to T.H. Morgan, four primary mechanisms of regeneration have been identified in animals, one of which is morphallaxis. This mechanism allows for the regeneration of an entire organism from small fragments by reorganizing existing cells, emphasizing the re-patterning of current tissues with minimal new growth.[78.1] The fundamental process of regeneration relies heavily on the activity of specialized cells, often referred to as stem cells, which facilitate the growth and differentiation necessary for tissue restoration.[79.1] This regenerative capacity varies significantly among different organisms, with some capable of growing new structures directly from the remnants of the old ones.[81.1] Recent advancements in research have highlighted the role of genome editing technologies, particularly CRISPR, in enhancing regenerative medicine. These innovations have opened new avenues for manipulating gene expression and genome sequences, which are crucial for stem cell engineering and tissue regeneration.[91.1] The integration of CRISPR technologies with regenerative medicine has the potential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of tissue engineering, thereby addressing various medical conditions and injuries.[90.1] Moreover, the development of organoids—miniaturized and simplified versions of organs—has emerged as a promising approach in regenerative medicine. Organoids can be utilized for both regenerative therapies and in vitro disease modeling, allowing researchers to test the efficacy of new drugs and potentially reconstruct damaged tissues.[92.1] As of early 2023, there were over 100 approved gene, cell, and RNA therapies globally, with thousands more in clinical and preclinical development, showcasing the rapid progress in translating regenerative mechanisms into effective therapies.[93.1]Recent Advancements
Stem Cell Therapies
Stem cell therapies have emerged as a promising avenue for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Parkinson's disease (PD). These therapies aim to replace damaged or dysfunctional neurons with healthy stem cells, potentially restoring normal brain function and slowing disease progression.[128.1] The underlying principle of these cell-based therapies involves implanting stem cells into the brain to replace lost dopaminergic neurons, which are critical for motor control and are typically destroyed in PD.[130.1] Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of various stem cell-derived therapies for PD. For instance, the phase 1 clinical trial of bemdaneprocel, a stem cell-derived therapy, reported positive outcomes 18 months post-treatment, indicating that the therapy was well tolerated by participants.[129.1] Additionally, ongoing studies, such as the Phase 2 trial investigating mesenchymal stem cells derived from the bone marrow of PD patients, aim to further explore the therapeutic benefits of stem cell applications in this context.[131.1] The goal of these therapies is not only to alleviate symptoms but also to modify the disease course by replacing the lost dopaminergic neurons with healthy, undifferentiated stem cells that can differentiate into functional brain cells.[130.1] Current management of PD primarily focuses on symptom control through dopaminergic drugs, which, while effective, often lead to significant adverse effects.[132.1] Thus, the advent of stem cell therapies represents a potential paradigm shift in the treatment landscape for PD, offering hope for more effective and disease-modifying interventions. Moreover, advancements in stem cell research have led to the exploration of various techniques, including the transplantation of human embryonic stem cell-derived dopaminergic cells, which are currently being investigated in multicenter trials.[133.1] These innovative approaches highlight the growing interest and investment in stem cell therapies as a viable option for treating neurodegenerative diseases, with the potential for significant breakthroughs in the near future.[146.1]Tissue Engineering Strategies
Recent advancements in tissue engineering strategies have significantly enhanced the potential for regenerative medicine. One of the most promising developments is the use of stem cells, which are being employed to study diseases, improve drug development, and explore new treatments for conditions such as heart diseases and Parkinson's disease. Notably, a new stem cell therapy developed at Lund University has shown promise in treating Parkinson's disease, highlighting the potential of regenerative approaches in addressing neurodegenerative disorders.[117.1] In the realm of biofabrication, recent advances in bioprinting technologies have emerged as a crucial strategy for vascularized tissue repair and regeneration. These technologies allow for the precise construction of hierarchical vascular networks, which are essential for ensuring the survival and functionality of engineered tissues.[136.1] The integration of vascular networks is vital, as it addresses one of the major challenges in tissue engineering: the diffusion limit of oxygen and nutrients, which can hinder cell survival in larger constructs.[139.1] Moreover, the development of coaxial bioprinting techniques has enabled the creation of complex tissue structures that closely mimic native blood vessels. This includes the fabrication of triple-layered vascular models that incorporate endothelium, smooth muscle, and connective tissue, thereby enhancing the physiological relevance of engineered tissues.[137.1] Such advancements not only improve the structural integrity of the tissues but also facilitate better functional outcomes in regenerative applications. Additionally, regenerative dentistry has seen significant progress through the application of tissue engineering principles. This field focuses on the use of stem cells, bioactive molecules, and scaffolds to develop novel treatment strategies that surpass conventional approaches.[119.1] The integration of these components has led to innovative techniques that address various dental conditions, showcasing the versatility of tissue engineering across different medical disciplines.In this section:
Neurodegenerative DiseasesParkinson's DiseaseBrain FunctionDisease ProgressionMotor Control
Comparative Regeneration
Regenerative Mechanisms Across Species
Research on regeneration has advanced through comparative studies that illuminate the diverse regenerative mechanisms across species. MacCord and Maienschein highlight a historical shift in research focus from whole systems to model organisms and molecular mechanisms, enabling exploration from cellular to complex structural levels across organisms, from protists to mammals.[161.1] Comparative studies emphasize gene regulatory networks (GRNs) as frameworks for understanding homology in regenerative processes. Current research investigates wound-induced Wnt signaling and adult stem cells, revealing evolutionary relationships and functional similarities among species.[162.1] The Symposium on Comparative Biology of Tissue Repair, Regeneration, and Aging underscores the variability in regenerative capacities and factors influencing their decline with age.[163.1] Key questions include the evolutionary origins of regeneration and the features accounting for differences in regenerative potential. Researchers explore whether regeneration evolved once and diversified or arose independently by co-opting similar pathways.[164.1] Environmental factors also significantly impact regeneration, with studies showing that soil quality, canopy cover, and precipitation influence regeneration in forest ecosystems.[166.1] Biotic and abiotic factors, such as litter thickness and herb coverage, affect species distribution and regeneration success.[167.1] Unique regenerative abilities are observed in species like the axolotl, capable of regenerating limbs, spinal cords, and heart parts, and starfish, which can regenerate lost arms and even form new individuals from a single arm.[172.1][170.1] These examples illustrate how evolutionary pressures shape regenerative abilities, highlighting the relationship between evolutionary history and regenerative capacity.[173.1]In this section:
Applications Of Regeneration Research
Medical Applications
Regenerative medicine encompasses a variety of medical applications aimed at restoring injured or diseased tissues and organs. This field combines fundamental cell biology with engineering strategies to provide alternatives to traditional transplantation methods, which often face challenges such as donor supply shortages and immune complications. Notable applications include bone repair, heart therapy, and muscle regeneration, highlighting the broad potential of regenerative approaches in clinical settings.[204.1] Recent advances in tissue regeneration have underscored the significance of stem cell transplants in treating life-threatening diseases and enhancing patients' quality of life. These advancements have been supported by promising pre-clinical research studies that demonstrate the efficacy of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a viable therapy option. The International Society for Cellular Therapy has established standards for defining MSCs, which are crucial for both laboratory investigations and pre-clinical studies.[206.1] Clinical trials involving human umbilical cord-derived MSCs have shown that these infusions are safe and well-tolerated in patients suffering from severe pulmonary complications due to COVID-19, further validating the therapeutic potential of stem cell applications in regenerative medicine.[206.1] The field of regenerative engineering represents a convergence of multiple scientific disciplines, including advanced material science, stem cell science, and developmental biology. This interdisciplinary approach aims to regenerate complex tissues and organ systems, thereby enhancing the clinical translation of regenerative therapies.[208.1] A critical aspect of this endeavor is the design of biologically active scaffolds that mimic the natural extracellular matrix, which is essential for successful tissue engineering. Hydrogels, in particular, have garnered attention as promising candidates for engineered tissue scaffolds due to their structural and compositional similarities to the extracellular matrix.[211.1] Despite the advancements, challenges remain in the design and fabrication of scaffolds that effectively replicate the intricate nature of the extracellular matrix. Issues such as immunogenicity and the ability to simulate the in-vivo microenvironment pose significant hurdles to the successful application of tissue-engineered scaffolds.[213.1] Addressing these challenges is crucial for improving the repair capacity of regenerative therapies and ensuring their efficacy in clinical applications. In addition to technical challenges, ethical considerations play a vital role in the advancement of regenerative medicine. Ensuring that patient outcomes are prioritized over profit is essential for maintaining ethical standards. Developing harmonized ethical guidelines and regulatory frameworks can promote responsible practices and equitable access to regenerative therapies. Key ethical issues include patient consent, safety and efficacy, and the long-term consequences of emerging technologies such as gene editing.[216.1] Engaging various stakeholders, including patients and healthcare providers, in the discourse surrounding these ethical considerations is critical for fostering public trust and ensuring that advancements in regenerative medicine benefit society as a whole.In this section:
Philosophical Perspectives
Theoretical Frameworks in Regeneration
The concept of regeneration encompasses a variety of theoretical frameworks that inform our understanding of ecological and social systems. One significant perspective is the recognition of regeneration as a bio-social innovation, which spans from the development of cosmetic products to biomedical advancements aimed at reengineering human cells and tissues. This broad interpretation highlights the diverse meanings and practices associated with regeneration across different contexts, including clinical practices and popular culture, as well as philosophical inquiries into the nature of human growth and development.[247.1] Philosophical perspectives on regeneration also emphasize the importance of understanding the basic units and mechanisms involved in regenerative processes. Traditional theories often focus on cells as the fundamental units of regeneration, yet these theories must account for the environmental contexts that influence cellular behavior and repair mechanisms.[248.1] This intersection of biology and philosophy invites a deeper exploration of how regeneration operates at various levels, from individual organisms to entire ecosystems. Moreover, the historical evolution of regeneration concepts reveals the shifting viewpoints over time, underscoring the philosophical implications of our knowledge regarding regenerative phenomena. This historical lens allows for a critical examination of how the concept of regeneration can be applied across different life scales and types of objects.[249.1] In the realm of ecological restoration, principles such as stakeholder engagement and the integration of ecological, social, and economic factors are crucial. These principles not only aim to recover ecosystem integrity but also foster a reciprocal relationship between humans and nature, thereby enhancing social-ecological resilience.[251.1] The Regenerative Lens framework further articulates the qualities necessary for effective regenerative systems, including mutualism, diversity, and agency for both humans and non-humans, which collectively contribute to the well-being of social-ecological systems.[256.1] Lastly, successful regeneration initiatives, such as Barcelona's waterfront regeneration project, exemplify how philosophical frameworks can shape community values and practices. This project transformed an industrial area into a vibrant public space, emphasizing sustainability and accessibility, and serves as a model for integrating philosophical perspectives into practical regeneration efforts.[257.1] Through these various theoretical frameworks, the discourse on regeneration continues to evolve, reflecting a complex interplay between ecological integrity, social responsibility, and philosophical inquiry.In this section:
References
[1] Exploring the Basics of Regeneration: Definitions and Applications — What is Regeneration: An Educational Overview The Broad Scope of Regeneration. Regeneration encompasses a transformative process that extends beyond mere physical improvements. ... Regeneration is a vital concept in today's world, where sustainability and ethical practices are paramount. Our educational overview delves into the importance of
[3] Regeneration - Definition, Types, Mechanism, Examples — Regeneration, a fundamental biological phenomenon, refers to the innate ability of organisms to replace or restore damaged or absent organs, tissues, cells, or even entire body parts to their full functional state. Regeneration is the natural process by which organisms restore, repair, or replace lost or damaged body parts through the growth and differentiation of specialized cells, often known as stem cells. Regeneration, a remarkable biological process, allows organisms to replace or restore damaged or lost tissues, cells, or organs. Definition: This mechanism leverages stem cells to regenerate specific organs or tissues. Regeneration is the process by which organisms replace or restore lost or damaged body parts or tissues.
[4] Explaining Regeneration: Cells and Limbs as Complex Living Systems ... — Morgan (1901) published Regeneration, a summary of previous studies and his own work on a diversity of organisms. There Morgan (1901) ... (1976) expanded on Wolpert's positional information concept of regeneration and development. While these investigators carried on the spirit of Morgan, Loeb, and Child in terms of developing explanations of
[5] Regeneration | Definition, Process, Examples, & Facts | Britannica — regeneration, in biology, the process by which some organisms replace or restore lost or amputated body parts.. Organisms differ markedly in their ability to regenerate parts. Some grow a new structure on the stump of the old one. By such regeneration whole organisms may dramatically replace substantial portions of themselves when they have been cut in two, or may grow organs or appendages
[7] Regeneration (ecology) - Wikipedia — In ecology regeneration is the ability of an ecosystem - specifically, the environment and its living population - to renew and recover from damage. It is a kind of biological regeneration. Regeneration refers to ecosystems replenishing what is being eaten, disturbed, or harvested. Regeneration's biggest force is photosynthesis which transforms sun energy and nutrients into plant biomass
[8] These 8 Ambitious Ecological Projects Are Helping to Heal the World — Mexico’s National Forestry Commission (CONAFOR) successfully restored 1 million hectares of forest land throughout the country, between 2014 and 2018, according to Initiative20x20. The World Resources Institute has praised CONAFOR’s work, calling it “exactly the right way to show leadership on restoration in Latin America.” The program remains active, and is continuing to work with residents on planting trees that will provide economic benefits as well as improving the country’s resilience to climate change. The project has worked “to restore the degraded areas of the Aberdares forest ecosystem that provides essential services like water, rainfall, and biodiversity,” the Green Belt Movement said. “This would in turn improve the livelihoods of communities adjacent to the area.” Thanks to the project, 4.1 million trees have been planted on 2,000 hectares of forest and 1,900 hectares of public sites or community areas, according to the AFD.
[15] Signaling involved in stem cell reprogramming and differentiation — Signaling involved in stem cell reprogramming and differentiation - PMC Stem cell differentiation is regulated by multiple signaling events. The signaling mechanisms involved in regulating stem cell reprogramming and differentiation are the subject of intense study in the field of life sciences. Keywords: Stem cell, Signaling, Differentiation, Gene, Genome, Reprogramming Dimethyl sulfoxide down-regulates the pluripotency genes OCT4 (also known as POU5F1) and NANOG in human embryonic stem (ES) cells during definitive endoderm differentiation and controls hepatic differentiation. The WNT pathways regulate stem cell differentiation and proliferation. During the hypoxia-induced myogenic differentiation of ES cells, miRNA-26a is up-regulated and inhibits the mRNA expression of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) and of stemness genes such as Oct4 (also known as Pou5f1) and Nanog. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.049. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.01.007.
[37] Advances in Regenerative Medicine: Latest Developments and Treatments ... — The promising field of regenerative medicine emerges at the intersection of science and creative genius. This field is expanding rapidly and has the prospect of game-changing therapies that could significantly impact the future of medicine and public health. This article will highlight recent advances in regenerative medicine.
[40] A History of regeneration research - SearchWorks catalog — Importantly, their research of the phenomenon spurred on the transition from descriptive natural history to modern experimental zoology. A History of Regeneration Research chronicles this crucial evolutionary stretch in the history of developmental biology, offering a penetrating analysis of the milestones in regeneration research.
[41] A brief history of regeneration research—For admiring Professor ... — 1. Regeneration studies: the origin of developmental biology In a book review to the volume, A history of regeneration research: Milestones in the evolution of a science, edited by Dinsmore (1992), Mittwoch (1992) wrote that genetics (the term having been first used by Bateson in 1905) was a child of embryology, the study of which evolved in the 19th century as an offshoot of the regeneration
[51] A Century of Brain Regeneration Phenomena and Neuromorphological ... — Out of the more than ten thousand journal articles and hundreds of textbooks published on the topic of brain (CNS) regeneration phenomena, a focus had to be laid here on the century of research endeavors, beginning with Santiago Ramón y Cajal’s (1852–1934) pioneering work on neural de- and regeneration (Cajal, 1894; 1907) and ending with the discovery of stem cells in the CNS at the start of the American “Decade of the Brain” in the 1990s (Jones and Mendell, 1999). The resulting article provided a pivotal example of the important experimental and histological work being done in the neuromorphological research area regarding brain regeneration phenomena and eventually it led to the recognition of scientific excellence through the bestowment of a national Canadian Gairdner Award in 2008 (Lampard et al., 2021, p.
[54] Regenerative medicine's historical roots in regeneration ... — As so often happens in the history of biology, the story takes us back to Aristotle. This eager empiricist described aspects of regeneration, as of lizard and snake tails (in commentaries variously referred to as salamander tails and occasionally even limbs), in his discussions of animal generation (Aristotle).The 18th century brought much more study of regenerative capacities in hydra
[73] Hans Spemann (1869-1941) | Embryo Project Encyclopedia — Hans Spemann was an experimental embryologist best known for his transplantation studies and as the originator of the "organizer" concept. One of his earliest experiments involved constricting the blastomeres of a fertilized salamander egg with a noose of fine baby hair, resulting in a partially double embryo with two heads and one tail.
[74] Rethinking Differentiation: Stem Cells, Regeneration, and Plasticity — Later, Hilde Proescholdt Mangold, a graduate student working in Hans Spemann's laboratory, would perform similar experiments with frog embryos, in which she grafted a piece of the lip of the blastopore to the flank of another gastrula distant from the host blastopore, resulting in the induction of a secondary body axis (Mangold and Spemann
[77] Spemann's organizer and the self-regulation of embryonic fields — Embryos and developing organs have the remarkable ability of self-regenerating after experimental manipulations. In the Xenopus blastula half-embryos can regenerate the missing part, producing identical twins. Studies on the molecular nature of Spemann's organizer have revealed that self-regulation results from the battle between two signaling centers under reciprocal transcriptional control.
[78] Regeneration - Definition, Types, Mechanism, Importance, and FAQs — Mechanism of Regeneration According to T.H. Morgan, there are four mechanisms observed in animals are- Morphallaxis This mechanism includes the regeneration of the whole animal body from small pieces by reorganizing the existing cells., in morphallaxis, the regeneration takes place via the re-patterning of current tissues and there's little
[79] Regeneration - Definition, Types, Mechanism, Examples - Biology Notes ... — Regeneration, a fundamental biological phenomenon, refers to the innate ability of organisms to replace or restore damaged or absent organs, tissues, cells, or even entire body parts to their full functional state. Regeneration is the natural process by which organisms restore, repair, or replace lost or damaged body parts through the growth and differentiation of specialized cells, often known as stem cells. Regeneration, a remarkable biological process, allows organisms to replace or restore damaged or lost tissues, cells, or organs. Definition: This mechanism leverages stem cells to regenerate specific organs or tissues. Regeneration is the process by which organisms replace or restore lost or damaged body parts or tissues.
[81] Regeneration | Definition, Process, Examples, & Facts | Britannica — Regeneration, in biology, the process by which some organisms replace or restore lost or amputated body parts. Organisms differ markedly in their ability to regenerate parts. Some grow a new structure on the stump of the old one. By such regeneration whole organisms may dramatically replace
[84] Regeneration - Definition, Types, Mechanism, Examples — Regeneration, a fundamental biological phenomenon, refers to the innate ability of organisms to replace or restore damaged or absent organs, tissues, cells, or even entire body parts to their full functional state. Regeneration is the natural process by which organisms restore, repair, or replace lost or damaged body parts through the growth and differentiation of specialized cells, often known as stem cells. Regeneration, a remarkable biological process, allows organisms to replace or restore damaged or lost tissues, cells, or organs. Definition: This mechanism leverages stem cells to regenerate specific organs or tissues. Regeneration is the process by which organisms replace or restore lost or damaged body parts or tissues.
[87] Regeneration among animals: An evolutionary hypothesis related to ... — In conclusion, the present hypothesis indicates that the variable regeneration capability present in different animals depends from their evolutionary history, is linked to their aquatic environment, specific life cycle and presence of metamorphosis.
[90] (PDF) CRISPR and Regenerative Medicine: Unlocking ... - ResearchGate — Advances in CRISPR-driven stem cell engineering, AI-enhanced gene targeting, and 3D bioprinting are paving the way for personalized regenerative therapies, offering hope for patients with
[91] CRISPR technologies for stem cell engineering and regenerative medicine — Despite being in its infancy, CRISPR technologies, including CRISPR-mediated genome editing, CRISPRa or CRISPRi, provide a powerful and promising toolset to manipulate genome sequences and gene expression, and may be ideal for stem cell engineering, stimulation of tissue regeneration and prevention of tissue degeneration.
[92] Current status and prospects of organoid-based regenerative medicine — In this review, we give a general overview of organoids and describe current status and prospects of organoid-based regenerative medicine, focusing on organoid-based regenerative therapeutics currently under development including clinical trials. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(1): 10-14].
[93] The state of cell and gene therapy in 2023 - Cell Press — In early 2023, there were more than 100 different approved gene, cell, and RNA therapies throughout the world, with over 3,700 more in clinical and preclinical development. This review comprehensively captures the landscape for such advanced therapies, including the different genetic technologies used and diseases targeted in clinical trials.
[100] Regenerative engineering: a review of recent advances and future ... — Regenerative engineering is defined as the convergence of the disciplines of advanced material science, stem cell science, physics, developmental biology and clinical translation for the regeneration of complex tissues and organ systems. Regenerative engineering utilizes the convergence of the disciplines of advanced material science, stem cell science, physics, developmental biology and clinical translation for the regeneration of complex tissues and organ systems . Regenerative engineering utilizes the convergence of the disciplines of advanced material science, stem cell science, physics, developmental biology and clinical translation for the regeneration of complex tissues and organ systems. Regenerative engineering utilizes the convergence of the disciplines of advanced material science, stem cell science and developmental biology to achieve clinical translation for the regeneration of complex tissues and organ system.
[102] Comparative regenerative mechanisms across different mammalian tissues — Types and mechanisms of regeneration. Regeneration refers both to the regular and repeated renewal of a particular structure or tissue throughout the life of an organism, that is, the cellular
[103] Beyond Casual Resemblance: Rigorous Frameworks for Comparing ... — The majority of animal phyla have species that can regenerate. Comparing regeneration across animals can reconstruct the molecular and cellular evolutionary history of this process. Recent studies have revealed some similarity in regeneration mechanisms, but rigorous comparative methods are needed t …
[104] Comparative regenerative mechanisms across different mammalian ... - PubMed — Stimulating regeneration of complex tissues and organs after injury to effect complete structural and functional repair, is an attractive therapeutic option that would revolutionize clinical medicine. ... Comparative regenerative mechanisms across different mammalian tissues NPJ Regen Med. 2018 Feb 23:3:6. doi: 10.1038/s41536-018-0044-5
[117] Rejuvenation Intervention Advancments in Regenerative Medicine in 2023 — Researchers are using stem cells to study diseases, improve drug development, and explore new treatments for heart diseases. In February 2023, a new stem cell therapy developed at Lund University showed promise in treating Parkinson’s disease. 2023 witnessed innovative strategies in the discovery and development of senolytic drugs that are crucial for identifying effective compounds that can target senescent cells, potentially leading to treatments for age-related diseases. Drug Development: Creating new drugs targeting senescent cells to treat age-related diseases and improve healthspan. At this level, you must be totally dedicated to your longevity and target the most advanced treatments toward lifespan extension (regenerative medicine such as stem cell treatment, cartilage regeneration, platelet-rich plasma therapy, prolotherapy, etc.).
[119] Advances in Regenerative Dentistry Approaches: An Update — Advances in Regenerative Dentistry Approaches: An Update - ScienceDirect Regenerative dentistry is a rapidly evolving field in dentistry, which has been driven by advancements in biomedical engineering research and the rising treatment expectations and demands that exceed the scope of conventional approaches. Tissue engineering, the foundation of regenerative dentistry, mainly focuses on 3 key components: stem cells, bioactive molecules, and scaffolds. Regenerative techniques have provided novel approaches to many conventional treatment strategies in various disciplines of dentistry. This review presents a concise overview of the latest treatment strategies that have emerged into clinical practice, potential future technologies, and the role of dental tissue–derived stem cells in regenerative dentistry. For all open access content, the relevant licensing terms apply.
[128] Stem Cell Therapy in Parkinson's Disease | APDA — This is the idea behind cell-based therapies for Parkinson's disease that entail implanting stem cells into the brain to take the place of the cells that have been lost. If research succeeds in designing a cell-based therapy that could replace the cells lost in the disease, the treatment of PD could be transformed.
[129] Novel stem-cell therapy continues to show promise for Parkinson's disease — Novel cell therapy continues to show promise for Parkinson's disease | UCI Health | Orange County, CA — New clinical trial data for bemdaneprocel, a promising stem cell-derived therapy for Parkinson’s disease, continues to show positive results 18 months after treatment, scientists reported today at an international conference in Portugal. Data presented by UCI Health neurologist Claire Henchcliffe, MD, at the Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases Conference demonstrated that the dopamine-producing neural cell therapy remained safe and well tolerated by participants in the phase 1 clinical trial at the 18-month mark. Patients can access UCI Health at primary and specialty care offices across Orange County and at its main campus, UCI Medical Center in Orange, Calif.
[130] Stem Cell Therapy for Parkinson's: Current Developments - Healthline — The goal of stem cell therapy for Parkinson's disease is to replace destroyed brain cells with healthy, undifferentiated stem cells. These stem cells can then transform into brain cells and help
[131] Stem cell therapy for Parkinson's: Are we getting closer? — Trial name: Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Disease-modifying Therapy for Parkinson's. Phase: Phase 2. Where: USA. This study follows a successful Phase 1 trial which took place between 2017 and 2019. The research explores the benefits of stem cells that are derived from the bone marrow of people with Parkinson's.
[132] Stem Cell Treatments for Parkinson's Disease — Parkinson's disease (PD) manifests with a typical movement disorder, due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. There are no disease-modifying treatments, and current management is centered on symptom control using predominantly dopaminergic drugs. While effective at improving the motor symptoms of PD, these treatments result in significant adverse effects, due to non
[133] Current Status and Future Perspectives on Stem Cell-Based Therapies for ... — | | hESC-derived mDAPs (STEM-PD) | STEM-PD trial: A multicentre, single arm, first in human, dose-escalation trial, investigating the safety and tolerability of intraputamenal transplantation of human embryonic stem cell derived dopaminergic cells for Parkinson’s disease (STEM-PD product) | Sweden, UK | Lund University/Cambridge University | 1–2 M per side | Allogeneic-non-matched | Phase I/II | In planning (8) | Expected in 2022 | EudraCT-2021-001366-38 | Kirkeby et al. | | Autologous hiPSC-derived mDAPs | Transplantation of autologous midbrain dopaminergic neuron precursors derived from a Parkinson’s disease patient’s induced pluripotent stem cells | USA | Harvard University | 4 M per side | Autologous | N/A | Completed (1) | 2017 | IND17145 | Schweitzer et al.
[136] Recent advances in biofabrication strategies based on bioprinting for ... — Recent advances in biofabrication strategies based on bioprinting for vascularized tissue repair and regeneration - ScienceDirect Recent advances in biofabrication strategies based on bioprinting for vascularized tissue repair and regeneration Biofabrication strategies based on bioprinting for vascularized tissue repair and regeneration are reviewed. With the rapid development of 3D bioprinting technologies, bioprinting-based biofabrication strategies have been gradually applied in the construction of various vascularized tissues. Based on this background, our study aimed to review recent advances, challenges, and future perspectives in biofabrication strategies based on bioprinting for vascularized tissue repair and regeneration. The bioprinting techniques, bioinks, seed cells, and growth factors used for vascularized tissue construction were also enrolled in this review. Next article in issue No articles found. For all open access content, the relevant licensing terms apply.
[137] 3D bioprinting strategy for engineering vascularized tissue models — This coaxial bioprinting approach was further extended to create a triple-layered vascular model composed of endothelium, smooth muscle, and connective tissue, which more closely resembled the native blood vessel structures.23 As a combinatorial approach using coaxial and embedding bioprinting methods, Gao et al. described 3D in-bath coaxial cell printing with vascular-specific ECM bioinks to mimic the regular straight, stenotic, and tortuous models of arterial constructs (Figure 1C). To directly fabricate tubular structures, Singh et al. described a coaxial bioprinting strategy for fabricating micro-fluidic tubes mimicking tubular/vascular renal parenchyma comprising renal tubular epithelial cells and ECs. With the aid of kidney-derived ECM bioink, this 3D coaxially-bioprinted vascularized renal PT model replicated the micro-physiological environment, exhibiting improved renal functionalities of the epithelial barrier akin to native renal tubular tissue.
[139] Biofabrication of tissue engineering vascular systems - PMC — One of the major challenges for tissue culture and organs-on-a-chip is the diffusion limit of oxygen and nutrient supply, which is around 200 μm. 229 Hence, re-vascularizing engineered tissue and organ-on-a-chip systems is essential for the survival of cells in these systems, especially for systems that mimic organs with well-vascularized
[146] Nanotherapeutic and Stem Cell Therapeutic Strategies in ... — Among various therapeutic approaches, stem cell therapy is considered as one of the most promising approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 5, 9, 10 Stem cell-based therapeutic strategies mainly include directly replacing damaged cells in interested tissues by transplanting exogenous stem cells or indirectly promoting the
[161] Editorial: Regeneration from cells to limbs: past, present, and future — Through historical examples, MacCord and Maienschein provide an overview of the epistemological changes that have characterized research on regeneration as a biological phenomenon since the 19th century, noting (for instance) the early emphasis on whole, complex systems and comparative perspectives, the shift towards model organisms and a molecular-mechanical approach in the 20th century, and different attempts at translating biological results into practice, which have met with varying degrees of success. Building on the two Perspectives, the further 25 articles (12 reviews and 13 original research articles, representing the work of over 100 authors) address the study of regeneration from cells to complex structures in numerous organisms, spanning from protists, such as Stentor coeruleus (Marshall), to mammals (e.g., Suarez-Berumen et al.) (Figure 1).
[162] Beyond Casual Resemblance: Rigorous Frameworks for Comparing ... — Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation Search: Search Your saved search Name of saved search: Add to Search Add to Search This review aims to provide a framework for comparing regeneration across animals, focusing on gene regulatory networks (GRNs), which are substrates for assessing process homology. The homology of the wound-induced activation of Wnt signaling and of adult stem cells provides examples of ongoing studies of regeneration that enable comparisons in a GRN framework. Keywords: Wnt signaling; evolution; homology; homoplasy; regeneration; stem cells. Wound-induced cell proliferation during animal regeneration. Röttinger E, et al. Parey E, et al. Add to Search Add to Search Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Actions Add to Search Add to Search
[163] Comparative biology of tissue repair, regeneration and aging — Abstract. The Symposium on the Comparative Biology of Tissue Repair, Regeneration and Aging, held 26 June to 28 June 2015 at the MDI Biological Laboratory in Salisbury Cove, Maine, brought together a diverse group of biologists with a common interest in understanding why regenerative capacity varies among animal species, why it is progressively lost in senescence, and how answers obtained from
[164] Investigating the Evolution and Features of Regeneration Using ... — Some of the outstanding questions in the field of regeneration include: 1) how has regeneration evolved? and 2) what features underlie differences in regeneration potential between animals? Whether regeneration evolved once and diversified or if it evolved multiple times independently by co-opting similar pathways remains unknown.
[166] Environmental and anthropogenic factors affecting natural regeneration ... — The regeneration abundance was positively associated with soil quality (p = 0.001), canopy cover (p = 0.04), and precipitation (p = 0.01). Including the abundance of dominant species in the tree canopy and regeneration layers in the regression model did not affect the presence of natural regeneration, but it clearly affected regeneration abundance.
[167] Characteristics and factors influencing the natural regeneration of ... — There are also many biotic and abiotic factors affecting tree species distribution and affluence (Cheng et al., 2014; Chu, Wang & Zhang, 2014), such as litter thickness and herb coverage, which are controlled by the mechanisms of seed diffusion and the appropriate microsites for regeneration (Devaney, Jansen & Whelan, 2014). There are two forms
[170] 16 Unbelievable Creatures That Can Regenerate Body Parts — Starfish, or sea stars, are renowned for their regenerative abilities, which extend beyond simply growing back lost arms. In some species, a single arm detached from the central body can regenerate into a completely new starfish. This regenerative power is driven by special cells located at the base of each arm.
[172] 25 Animals That Can Regenerate Body Parts - Facts.net — Axolotls are fascinating amphibians known for their incredible regenerative abilities. Native to Mexico, these unique creatures can regrow entire limbs, spinal cords, hearts, and even parts of their brains. Axolotls never fully undergo metamorphosis, retaining their juvenile features throughout life, including feathery gills and a tadpole-like
[173] Regeneration among animals: An evolutionary hypothesis related to ... — In conclusion, the present hypothesis indicates that the variable regeneration capability present in different animals depends from their evolutionary history, is linked to their aquatic environment, specific life cycle and presence of metamorphosis.
[204] Regenerative Medicine Application - an overview - ScienceDirect — 1 Introduction. Regenerative medicine aims at restoring injured or diseased tissues and organs by combining basic cell biology with a series of engineering strategies .Regenerative medicine is a promising alternative to transplantation without having to cope with donor supply shortage or immune complications, such as bone repairing, heart therapy, muscle regeneration, etc .
[206] Regenerative medicine applications: An overview of clinical trials — Promising pre-clinical research studies have shown the potential of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation as a regenerative medicine therapy option (Vu et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2021). The Mesenchymal and Tissue Stem Cell Committee of the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) has set standards to define ‘multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells’ (MSC) for both laboratory-based scientific investigations and pre-clinical studies (Dominici et al., 2006). Non-randomized case studies, phase 1 and phase 2 clinical trials have shown that human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSCs) infusions in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 pulmonary disease is safe and well-tolerated (Liang et al., 2020; Meng et al., 2020; Shu et al., 2020; Hashemian et al., 2021; Shi et al., 2021).
[208] Regenerative engineering: a review of recent advances and future ... — Regenerative engineering is defined as the convergence of the disciplines of advanced material science, stem cell science, physics, developmental biology and clinical translation for the regeneration of complex tissues and organ systems. Regenerative engineering utilizes the convergence of the disciplines of advanced material science, stem cell science, physics, developmental biology and clinical translation for the regeneration of complex tissues and organ systems . Regenerative engineering utilizes the convergence of the disciplines of advanced material science, stem cell science, physics, developmental biology and clinical translation for the regeneration of complex tissues and organ systems. Regenerative engineering utilizes the convergence of the disciplines of advanced material science, stem cell science and developmental biology to achieve clinical translation for the regeneration of complex tissues and organ system.
[211] Decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds: Recent trends and ... — Abstract. The application of scaffolding materials is believed to hold enormous potential for tissue regeneration. Despite the widespread application and rapid advance of several tissue-engineered scaffolds such as natural and synthetic polymer-based scaffolds, they have limited repair capacity due to the difficulties in overcoming the immunogenicity, simulating in-vivo microenvironment, and
[213] Tailoring the Interface of Biomaterials to Design Effective Scaffolds — A major challenge in TE is the choice of suitable biomaterial to fabricate a scaffold that mimics native extracellular matrix guiding resident stem cells to regenerate the functional tissue. ... Biomaterial scaffold is directly implanted in the damaged anatomical site. ... film on scaffold surface, by the mimicry of mussel way of adhesion to a
[216] PDF — The list of ethical issues discussed includes safety and efficacy, patient consent, information, professional responsibilities, as well as equity and fairness. The list of stakeholders is long and includes present and future patients, their relatives and families, physicians, clinics, healthcare services, medical journals, those in the product supply chain, researchers, funding organizations, * Göran Hermerén goran.hermeren@med.lu.se 1 Department of Medical Ethics, Biomedical Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden 114 Biologia Futura (2021) 72:113–118 1 3 professional organizations, regulators, policy makers, and taxpayers. A strategy for dealing with the uncertainties and knowledge gaps of the value landscape mentioned in EASAC (2020) is tackling gaps in training on ethical, legal, and societal issues in regenerative medicine, including how to involve other stakeholders, especially patients, in research design and review.
[247] Perspectives on human regeneration | Humanities and Social ... - Nature — In this paper, and drawing on the contributions across the accompanying article collection, I argue that the broad and far-reaching concept of regeneration underpinned a range of significant and fascinating bio-social innovations, from the development of new cosmetic products and procedures designed to preserve a gendered, racialized and youthful aesthetic to biomedical attempts to reengineer the human. In contemporary biomedical science, however, 'regenerative medicine' is closely associated with bioengineering and molecular biology; it is linked to regenerating human cells, tissues or organs. The papers explore these questions by interrogating some of the many meanings and practices of regeneration in a wide range of contexts, from clinical practice to popular culture and from Aristotelean perspectives on generation and growth of the human body to imagined futures of regenerative medicine.
[248] Philosophy of Biology: Understanding regeneration at different ... - eLife — As mentioned above, we are interested in the possibility of finding an overarching understanding or theory that can explain how regeneration works at all levels, from individual organisms through to microbial communities and ecosystems, and this is likely to require us to think carefully about the basic units and mechanisms involved in regeneration. This should not come as a surprise: at the level of individual organisms, traditional theories of regeneration view cells as the basic unit involved in the detection of damage and in repair, but the properties of a cell often depend on its environment or the system in which it is embedded.
[249] The logic of regeneration | Metascience - Springer — History can show us the ongoing construction of different viewpoints on regeneration over time, and philosophy can reveal conditions of our knowledge of regenerative phenomena and how the concept of regeneration can legitimately be applied to different types of object and life scales. ... History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences. https://doi
[251] Principles Of Environmental Restoration - Sigma Earth — Environmental restoration seeks to reverse or mitigate the impacts of human activities and other ecological disturbances, fostering ecosystems' recovery and resilience. It is a holistic and interdisciplinary approach that considers ecological, social, and economic factors to achieve sustainable and lasting improvements in environmental health.
[256] The Regenerative Lens: A conceptual framework for regenerative social ... — The Regenerative Lens: A conceptual framework for regenerative social-ecological systems - ScienceDirect The Regenerative Lens: A conceptual framework for regenerative social-ecological systems There is increasing interest in regeneration and regenerative practice as a solution, but also limited cohered understanding of what constitutes regenerative systems at social-ecological scales. In this perspective we present a conceptual, cross-disciplinary, and action-oriented regenerative systems framework, the Regenerative Lens, informed by a wide literature review. The framework emphasizes that regenerative systems maintain positive reinforcing cycles of wellbeing within and beyond themselves, especially between humans and wider nature, such that “life begets life.” We identify five key qualities needed in systems to encourage such dynamics: an ecological worldview embodied in human action; mutualism; high diversity; agency for humans and non-humans to act regeneratively; and continuous reflexivity. Next article in issue For all open access content, the relevant licensing terms apply.
[257] 5 Outstanding Examples of Urban Regeneration in the ... - dormakaba — Barcelona's waterfront regeneration in the 1990s remains a seminal case study. Transformed prior to the 1992 Olympics, the 'Port Vell' project turned an industrial port area into a vibrant public space. This pioneering intervention focused on pedestrian accessibility, sustainability, and integration with the urban context, revitalizing the area economically and socially and serving as a