Social-ecological systems is an academic concept and research framework that views humans and nature as inextricably linked and interacting components forming complex, dynamic systems. It investigates the intricate interactions, feedback loops, and co-evolutionary processes between social (human) and ecological (natural) subsystems across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Characterized by non-linearity, emergent properties, and the potential for regime shifts, this concept is significant for understanding the resilience, adaptation, and sustainable governance of coupled human-environment interactions.