Plasma proteomics is the systematic, large-scale study of the protein content (proteome) of blood plasma or serum. This research field aims to comprehensively identify, quantify, and characterize proteins within this complex biological fluid, often utilizing advanced analytical techniques like mass spectrometry, despite inherent challenges such as high protein complexity and wide dynamic range. Its significance lies in providing insights into physiological processes, disease mechanisms, and the discovery of protein biomarkers relevant to health, disease, and population heterogeneity across diverse populations.