Immune evasion is the set of strategies employed by pathogens, transformed cells (such as cancer cells), or other foreign entities to avoid recognition and destruction by the host immune system. As an academic concept and research field, it investigates the diverse molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these strategies, including the manipulation of antigen presentation, suppression of immune cell function, and mimicry of host molecules, highlighting its critical significance in understanding disease pathogenesis and developing effective immunotherapies and vaccines.