Glucosamine-Mediated Hexosamine Biosynthesis Pathway Activation Uses ATF4 to Promote “Exercise-Like” Angiogenesis and Perfusion Recovery in PAD

Abstract

In cells, mice, and humans, activation of hexosamine biosynthesis pathway by glucosamine in peripheral arterial disease induces an "exercise-like" angiogenesis and offers a promising novel therapeutic pathway to treat this challenging disorder.