Sex differences in renal cell carcinoma: a single-cell analysis reveals exhausted CD8+ T-cells highly infiltrated in males

Abstract

Our study delineated the difference in TME between male and female patients with RCC, and demonstrated that the androgen-androgen receptor axis plays an important role in immunosuppression in male RCC. Our findings suggest that androgen receptor inhibitors in combination with immunotherapy may be a promising treatment option for male RCC patients.