Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 3 rs34481144 C/T Genotype and Clinical Parameters Related to Progression of COVID-19

Abstract

Recent research has associated the interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 gene (IFITM3) with the outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), although the findings are contradictory. This study aimed to determine the relationship between IFITM3 gene rs34481144 polymorphism and clinical parameters with COVID-19 mortality. The tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system–polymerase chain reaction assay was used to analyze IFITM3 rs34481144 polymorphism in 1,149 deceased and 1,342 recovered patients. The clinical parameters were extracted from the patients’ medical records. In this study, the frequency of IFITM3 rs34481144 CT genotypes (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.23–1.76, <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"> <a:mi>P</a:mi> <a:mo>&lt;</a:mo> <a:mn>0.0001</a:mn> </a:math> ) in both sexes was significantly higher in deceased patients than in recovered patients. Moreover, IFITM3 rs34481144 TT genotypes (OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.05–10.87, <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"> <c:mi>P</c:mi> <c:mo>&lt;</c:mo> <c:mn>0.0001</c:mn> </c:math> ) in women were significantly associated with COVID-19 mortality. The multivariable logistic regression model results indicated that mean age ( <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"> <e:mi>P</e:mi> <e:mo>&lt;</e:mo> <e:mn>0.001</e:mn> </e:math> ), alkaline phosphatase ( <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"> <g:mi>P</g:mi> <g:mo>=</g:mo> <g:mn>0.005</g:mn> </g:math> ), alanine aminotransferase ( <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"> <i:mi>P</i:mi> <i:mo>&lt;</i:mo> <i:mn>0.001</i:mn> </i:math> ), low-density lipoprotein ( <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"> <k:mi>P</k:mi> <k:mo>&lt;</k:mo> <k:mn>0.001</k:mn> </k:math> ), high-density lipoprotein ( <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"> <m:mi>P</m:mi> <m:mo>&lt;</m:mo> <m:mn>0.001</m:mn> </m:math> ), fasting blood glucose ( <o:math xmlns:o="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8"> <o:mi>P</o:mi> <o:mo>=</o:mo> <o:mn>0.010</o:mn> </o:math> ), creatinine ( <q:math xmlns:q="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9"> <q:mi>P</q:mi> <q:mo>&lt;</q:mo> <q:mn>0.001</q:mn> </q:math> ), uric acid ( <s:math xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M10"> <s:mi>P</s:mi> <s:mo>&lt;</s:mo> <s:mn>0.001</s:mn> </s:math> ), C-reactive protein ( <u:math xmlns:u="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11"> <u:mi>P</u:mi> <u:mo>=</u:mo> <u:mn>0.004</u:mn> </u:math> ), 25-hydroxyvitamin D ( <w:math xmlns:w="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M12"> <w:mi>P</w:mi> <w:mo>&lt;</w:mo> <w:mn>0.001</w:mn> </w:math> ), erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( <y:math xmlns:y="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M13"> <y:mi>P</y:mi> <y:mo>&lt;</y:mo> <y:mn>0.001</y:mn> </y:math> ), and real-time PCR Ct values ( <ab:math xmlns:ab="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M14"> <ab:mi>P</ab:mi> <ab:mo>&lt;</ab:mo> <ab:mn>0.001</ab:mn> </ab:math> ) were linked with increased COVID-19 death rates. In conclusion, IFITM3 rs34481144 gene polymorphism was linked to the mortality of COVID-19, with the rs34481144-T allele being especially important for mortality. Further studies are needed to confirm the results of this study.