Lipid oxidation in fragrant rapeseed oil: Impact of seed roasting on the generation of key volatile compounds

Abstract

This work sought to identify the influence of roasting on lipid oxidation-derived volatile compounds in fragrant rapeseed oils (FROs) via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. Seven volatiles could be regard as aroma-active compounds by application of odor activity value (OAV ≥ 1) calculation, and caused fatty-like, nutty-like, and green-like notes. After 60 min of roasting, the OAVs of hexanal, octanal, (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal, and nonanal in FROs were greater than 3. The same compounds, including hexanal, (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal, nonanal, 1-octanol, and nonanoic acid were also detected in the model systems of lipid oxidation. Notably, the values of <i>p</i>-anisidine, conjugated dienes, and conjugated trienes increased significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that hexanal, (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal, and nonanal have a significant positive correlation with the oxidative degree of FROs (<i>R</i> = 0.70-0.94, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Thus, the three above-mentioned aldehydes could serve as important markers for FRO quality during roasting.