Investigating the Influence of Different Umami Tastants on Brain Perception via Scalp Electroencephalogram

Abstract

Three types of tastants are known as perceptually associated with umami taste: monosodium glutamate (MSG), disodium succinate (WSA), and disodium inosine monophosphate (IMP). While these tastants were confirmed to be perceptually similar in a sensory study, they could be discriminated (<i>p</i> < 0.05) by electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis on a time scale of 5-6 s. In comparison of the EEG responses of the participants, the brain could partly distinguish (<i>p</i> < 0.05) between different sensory intensities of MSG, WSA, or IMP. The EEG data indicated that the brain is partially sensitive to perceiving different sensory intensities (L, low; M, medium; and H, high) of the same umami stimuli; i.e., for MSG in μV²/Hz, L, 2.473 ± 0.181; M, 3.274 ± 0.181; and H, 3.202 ± 0.181. However, brain responses of perceptually equi-umami intensities could partially be discriminated, suggesting that the brain could partially discriminate (<i>p</i> < 0.05) MSG, WSA, and IMP, despite similar sensory intensities. Moreover, umami tastants were also found to significantly enhance (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the α wave activity, with the most responsive being at 10 Hz, particularly in the frontal and parietal and occipital regions of the brain (<i>p</i> < 0.001). This study shows the potential of EEG to investigate brain activity triggered by umami stimuli.