A Cascaded PLL (LC-PLL + RO-PLL) with a Programmable Double Realignment Achieving 204fs Integrated Jitter (100kHz to 100MHz) and -72dB Reference Spur

Abstract

Many PLLs, including those used for mm-wave 5G communications, require deep-sub-picosecond integrated phase jitter [1]. Their in-band phase noise (PN) can be adversely affected by flicker noise and a large feedback frequency-division ratio, N. Cascaded PLLs are a recent trend in addressing this problem [2]–[4]. They are composed of two stages: the 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> stage (PLL #1) receives an external frequency reference F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REF</inf> to generate a filtered reference of several GHz feeding into the 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> stage (PLL #2) that features a lower division ratio and a wide bandwidth for better overall jitter performance. Although the cascaded PLL can chose from various combinations of oscillators, e.g., LC-tank and ring-oscillator (RO), the PLL #2 using an RO can benefit from a small size, easy integration, wide frequency-tuning range (FTR), and multiphase clock outputs (e.g., for directly supporting multibeam antenna arrays). Normally, the RO-PLL cannot achieve the same jitter performance as an LC-PLL, but here a low value of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$N$</tex> in the wide-bandwidth integer-N configuration of PLL #2 makes this distinction less relevant.