Improved surgeon performance following cadaveric simulation of internal carotid artery injury during endoscopic endonasal surgery: training outcomes of a nationwide prospective educational intervention

Abstract

Prior to training, many attending and most resident surgeons could not manage the rare, life-threatening intraoperative complication of ICAI. A simulated educational intervention significantly improved surgeon performance and remained valid when deployed at scale. Simulation also promoted the development of favorable cognitive skills (accurate perception of skill and resiliency). Rare, life-threatening intraoperative complications may be optimal targets for educational interventions using surgical simulation.