Perioperative safety is a multidisciplinary research field and clinical discipline focused on minimizing preventable harm and optimizing outcomes for patients undergoing surgical and anesthetic procedures. It involves the systematic investigation, identification, analysis, and mitigation of risks across the pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative phases through the application of evidence-based practices, standardized protocols, technological integration, and system-level improvements. Drawing upon frameworks that incorporate learning from both failures and successes (e.g., Safety I, II, III), this field emphasizes the development of rigorous guidelines, consensus-based measures, and robust analytics to enhance the reliability and quality of perioperative care.