Nanotherapeutics using all-natural materials. Effective treatment of wound biofilm infections using crosslinked nanoemulsions

Abstract

Bacterial wound infections are a threat to public health. Although antibiotics currently provide front-line treatments for bacterial infections, the development of drug resistance coupled with the defenses provided through biofilm formation render these infections difficult, if not impossible, to cure. Antimicrobials from natural resources provide unique antimicrobial mechanisms and are generally recognized as safe and sustainable. Herein, an all-natural antimicrobial platform is reported. It is active against bacterial biofilms and accelerates healing of wound biofilm infections <i>in vivo</i>. This antimicrobial platform uses gelatin stabilized by photocrosslinking using riboflavin (vitamin B₂) as a photocatalyst, and carvacrol (the primary constituent of oregano oil) as the active antimicrobial. The engineered nanoemulsions demonstrate broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity towards drug-resistant bacterial biofilms and significantly expedite wound healing in an <i>in vivo</i> murine wound biofilm model. The antimicrobial activity, wound healing promotion, and biosafety of these nanoemulsions provide a readily translatable and sustainable strategy for managing wound infections.