Profiling of H3K27Ac Reveals the Influence of Asthma on the Epigenome of the Airway Epithelium

Abstract

Background Asthma is a chronic airway disease driven by complex genetic–environmental interactions. The role of epigenetic modifications in bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) in asthma is poorly understood. Methods We piloted genome-wide profiling of the enhancer-associated histone modification H3K27ac in BECs from people with asthma ( n = 4) and healthy controls ( n = 3). Results We identified n = 4,321 (FDR < 0.05) regions exhibiting differential H3K27ac enrichment between asthma and health, clustering at genes associated predominately with epithelial processes (EMT). We identified initial evidence of asthma-associated Super-Enhancers encompassing genes encoding transcription factors ( TP63 ) and enzymes regulating lipid metabolism ( PTGS1 ). We integrated published datasets to identify epithelium-specific transcription factors associated with H3K27ac in asthma ( TP73 ) and identify initial relationships between asthma-associated changes in H3K27ac and transcriptional profiles. Finally, we investigated the potential of CRISPR-based approaches to functionally evaluate H3K27ac-asthma landscape in vitro by identifying guide-RNAs capable of targeting acetylation to asthma DERs and inducing gene expression ( TLR3 ). Conclusion Our small pilot study validates genome-wide approaches for deciphering epigenetic mechanisms underlying asthma pathogenesis in the airways.