Whole-Exome Sequencing Analysis of the Progression from Non–Low-Grade Ductal Carcinoma <i>In Situ</i> to Invasive Ductal Carcinoma

Abstract

Intralesion genetic heterogeneity is a common feature in DCIS synchronously diagnosed with IDC-NST. DCIS is a nonobligate precursor of IDC-NST, whose mechanisms of progression to invasive breast cancer are diverse and vary from case to case.