Effect of icariside II and metformin on penile erectile function, glucose metabolism, reaction oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, and mitochondrial autophagy in type 2 diabetic rats with erectile dysfunction

Abstract

ICAII may effectively improve penile erectile function via decreasing excessive CCSMCs mitochondrial autophagy, RAGE, and oxidant stress. Furthermore, ICAII may enhance signaling via the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway in order to reduce excessive CCSMC mitochondrial autophagy.