A Comparison of Learning Outcomes in Skills‐Based Courses: Online Versus Face‐To‐Face Formats

TLDR

Skills‑based instruction has been underexplored when comparing online and face‑to‑face learning outcomes. The study investigates whether online skills‑based courses can match face‑to‑face outcomes and identifies critical success factors. Four negotiation courses—two online and two face‑to‑face—taught by the same professor and otherwise identical were compared. Results show face‑to‑face learners achieved higher negotiation outcomes than online learners, and the authors propose ways to improve online performance.

Abstract

ABSTRACT In comparing the learning outcomes of online versus face‐to‐face courses, skills‐based forms of instruction have received little attention. This study asks the question “Can skills‐based courses taught online achieve the same outcomes as face‐to‐face courses in which the instructor and students interacting in real time may have higher levels of interaction, thus potentially facilitating higher levels of skill improvement?” If so, what are the critical success factors that influence these outcomes? These questions are examined by comparing four classes in negotiations (two face‐to‐face and two online) taught by the same professor. The courses were designed to be as similar as possible except for their delivery method. Results indicate that face‐to‐face learners earned higher negotiation outcomes than online learners even when using the same technology. Suggestions are offered for improving outcomes.