Publication | Open Access

Autoantibodies Specifically Against β1 Adrenergic Receptors and Adverse Clinical Outcome in Patients With Chronic Systolic Heart Failure in the β-Blocker Era: The Importance of Immunoglobulin G3 Subclass

CardiomyopathyHeart FailureAutoimmune DiseaseCardiovascular DiseaseAutoantibody ProductionPhysiologyImmunologyCardiovascular PharmacologyAutoimmunityAutoantibodiesImmunoglobulin G3 SubclassMedicineCardiologyβ-Blocker EraAdverse Clinical Outcome