IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · 2015 · 149 citations · 21 references
EngineeringAutomotive EngineeringMathematicsInternal Combustion EnginesOptimizationVehicle DynamicsIntelligent Transportation SystemsOptimal ControlVehicle Communication NetworksVehicle ControlVehicle Control SystemsVehicle Propulsion SystemsAutomatic Transmission ControlConnected VehiclesEco-driving StrategyFuel ConsumptionMixed-integer Nonlinear ProgrammingMixed-integer OptimizationMixed-integer ProgrammingOptimal Control Formulation
Eco‑driving at signalized intersections can significantly reduce energy consumption, and the acceleration of leading vehicles must be considered to manage following vehicles. The study investigates eco‑departure strategies for connected internal‑combustion vehicles with step‑gear automatic transmissions, including the impact of leading‑vehicle acceleration on following‑vehicle control. The authors formulate a Bolza‑type optimal control problem to minimize fuel use, solve the resulting nonlinear mixed‑integer problem with a Legendre pseudospectral method and knotting technique, and propose a near‑optimal real‑time strategy for engine torque and gear selection. Experimental validation on a five‑speed passenger car confirms that the optimized eco‑departure strategy reduces fuel consumption.
Eco-driving at signalized intersections has significant potential for energy saving. In this paper, we focus on eco-departure operations of connected vehicles equipped with an internal combustion engine and a step-gear automatic transmission. A Bolza-type optimal control problem (OCP) is formulated to minimize engine fuel consumption. Due to the discrete gear ratio, this OCP is a nonlinear mixed-integer problem, which is challenging to handle by most existing optimization methods. The Legendre pseudospectral method combining the knotting technique is employed to convert it into a multistage interconnected nonlinear programming problem, which then solves the optimal engine torque and transmission gear position. The fuel-saving benefit of the optimized eco-departing operation is validated by a passenger car with a five-speed transmission. For real-time implementation, a near-optimal departing strategy is proposed to quickly determine the behavior of the engine and transmission. When a string of vehicles are departing from an intersection, the acceleration of the leading vehicle(s) should be considered to control the following vehicles. This issue is also addressed in this paper.
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Connected Vehicles: Solutions and Challenges
Ning Lu, Nan Cheng, Ning Zhang et al. · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · 2014 · 1.3K citations
Engineering, Automotive Engineering, Electrical Engineering +17