Aquatic Environmental Pollution in the Egyptian Countryside and Its Effect on Fish Production (Review)

Abstract

There is no doubt that, the rate of pollution in the River Nile, irrigation and drainage canals increase steadily with increasing rates of population activity and the surge of economic and industrial transformation in the country. There are about 550 million tons of wastes, whether liquid or solid, which find their way into water bodies after initially treatment or without treatment, which is reflected on the environment of plant, animal and fish and then on human health. The heavy metals, such as mercury, cadmium, copper, lead and zinc one of the most important pollutants that lead to the pollution of aquatic environment and fish. They are extremely dangerous for the health of fish and Humans. This is because most of these metals are characterized by the bioaccumulation in tissues, and lead to the poisoning of fish and Human. It was found that, when these metals found in levels much higher than the limit globally set by the World Health Organization influence the vital operations and reproduction of fish, as well as weak immune system of the fish body, and increasing the proportion of infections where external or internal parasites that attack fish first and then fouling other bacterial diseases such as (Columnaris disease and Vibriosis) and fungi (Saprolegniasis). It proved recently that there is a strong relationship between the incidence of bacteriological and fungal diseases and concentration of heavy metals. In addition, heavy metals affecting the fish eyes and induced tumors in fish when water contaminated by vanadium and selenium in large quantities. This project comes up for studying the ratios of heavy metals pollution in the drainage canals in different areas of the Egyptian countryside, and the impact of pollution on human health and the attempt to find appropriate solutions to eliminate this pollution and protect fish consumers. This project includes analysis of water quality (chemical, physical microbial, etc) and detection of heavy metals residues in the canal's fishes and conforms to established ratios approved by the World Health Organization for protection of human health. Also, studying of the parasitic, bacterial and fungal diseases affecting fish; studying of the pathological, clinicopathological and histopathological affections of such fishes, and the impact of pollution on fish resources. Detection of heavy metals residues in fish musculatures. This study also includes the study of the economical, public health importance impact of pollution in the drainage canals and trials to find solutions for such problem. (Mona S. Zaki; Mohammad M.N. Authman; Abdel Mohsen M. Hammam and Samy I. Shalaby. Aquatic Environmental Pollution in the Egyptian Countryside and Its Effect on Fish Production (Review). Life Sci J