Leaving Engineering: A Multi‐Year Single Institution Study

Rose M. Marra, Kelly Rodgers, Demei Shen, Barbara Bogue

Journal of Engineering Education · 2012 · 532 citations · 55 references

Concepts

TL;DR

Demand for engineering professionals is rising, yet retention remains a concern as many students leave engineering programs. The study aimed to identify experiential factors that strongly influence engineering students’ decisions to leave and examine how these factors relate to predictors such as high‑school preparation and subsequent major choices. Researchers surveyed recent transfer students from a large engineering college, performed exploratory factor analysis to uncover key leaving factors, and used those factors to address the research questions. Academic challenges (e.g., difficult curriculum, inadequate teaching and advising) and a lack of belonging were found to drive departures, with non‑academic factors potentially exerting a stronger influence; differences emerged between majority and non‑majority students but not by gender, suggesting educators should address both academic and belonging issues.

Abstract

B ackground As estimates continue to indicate a growing demand for engineering professionals, retention in engineering remains an issue. Thus, the engineering education community remains concerned about students who leave engineering and must work to identify the factors that influence those students’ decisions. P urpose (H ypothesis ) Our purpose was to identify a set of factors describing the experiences of students’ in a college of engineering that are strong influences on decisions to leave and study how those factors are related to both predictor variables (e.g., high school preparation) and future behaviors (e.g., new major chosen). D esign /M ethod We solicited survey data from students who had recently transferred out of a large engineering college. We conducted exploratory factor analysis to determine the main factors for leaving engineering and then used these factors to answer the research questions. R esults Results indicate that both academic (e.g., curriculum difficulty and poor teaching and advising) and a non‐academic factor (lack of belonging in engineering) contribute to students’ decisions to leave engineering. We did find differences for some factors between majority and non‐majority students; however, there were no gender differences. C onclusions Both academic and non‐academic factors contribute to students’ decisions to leave engineering; however, our sample indicated the non‐academic factors may be a stronger influence. Implications for educators focus on addressing both academic and the belonging factor and include examining pedagogical activities that may be less welcoming to a wide variety of student groups, providing opportunities for meaningful faculty interaction and other activities designed to support students pursuing engineering degrees.

References

55