Surface shaving as a versatile tool to profile global interactions between human serum proteins and the <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> cell surface

Abstract

The human commensal bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is renowned as a causative agent of severe invasive diseases. Upon entering the bloodstream, S. aureus can infect almost every tissue and organ system in the human body. To withstand insults from the immune system upon invasion, several immune-evasive mechanisms have evolved in S. aureus, such as complement inhibition by secreted proteins and IgG-binding by surface-exposed protein A. While it is generally accepted that S. aureus cells bind a range of host factors for various purposes, no global analyses to profile staphylococcal host factor binding have so far been performed. Therefore, we explored the possibility to profile the binding of human serum proteins to S. aureus cells by "surface shaving" with trypsin and subsequent MS analysis of liberated peptides. This resulted in the identification of several components of the complement system, the platelet factor 4 and the isoform 1 of the inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 on the staphylococcal cell surface. We conclude that surface shaving is a versatile tool to profile global interactions between human serum proteins and the S. aureus cell surface.