Graphene, universality of the quantum Hall effect and redefinition of the SI system

Abstract

The Syst\\`eme Internationale d'unit\\'es (SI system) is about to undergo its\nbiggest change in half a century by redefining the units for mass and current\nin terms of the fundamental constants h and e, respectively. This change\ncrucially relies on the exactness of the relationships which link these\nconstants to measurable quantities. Here we directly compare the integer\nquantum Hall effect in epitaxial graphene with that in GaAs/AlGaAs\nheterostructures. We find no difference of the quantized resistance value\nwithin the relative standard uncertainty of our measurement of 8.6\\times10-11,\nbeing the most stringent test of the universality of the quantum Hall effect in\nterms of material independence.\n