Distinguishing Perceptions of Control From Self‐Efficacy: Predicting Consumption of a Low‐Fat Diet Using the Theory of Planned Behavior¹

TLDR

Prior TPB research highlights the need for multimethod assessments of behavior. The study aimed to apply the theory of planned behavior to low‑fat diet consumption, differentiate self‑efficacy from perceived behavioral control, assess self‑identity as an additional predictor, and identify beliefs that could guide interventions. Researchers employed principal components analysis and regression modeling to examine the distinct roles of self‑efficacy, perceived behavioral control, and self‑identity in predicting low‑fat diet intention. The TPB effectively predicted low‑fat diet intention, with self‑efficacy, perceived behavioral control, and self‑identity each contributing uniquely, and specific beliefs distinguished intenders from nonintenders, offering targets for health interventions.

Abstract

The aims of the present study are fourfold: to apply the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to eating a low‐fat diet; to consider differences between self‐efficacy and perceived control over behavior (PCB); to examine self‐identity as a potential addition to the model; and to identify beliefs which may provide useful targets for interventions. Findings support the efficacy of the TPB as a predictor of low‐fat diet. Evidence for the distinction between self‐efficacy and PCB was provided by principal components analysis, patterns in prediction of intention, and the control beliefs associated with the two constructs. Self‐identity was found to independently predict intention and may prove a useful addition to the TPB. Finally, specific beliefs distinguished intenders from nonintenders, providing potential targets for health interventions. The findings are discussed in the context of previous TPB research and the need for multimethod assessments of behavior.